Essay on Reflection Education and Culturally Diverse...

Running head: Reflection Application: Reflective Essay Pamela Harvey Walden University EDUC-6650H-1 Enhancing Learning through Linguistic and Cultural Diversity Dr. Marylou Dantonio June 22, 2011 Reflection Reflective Essay This course has really enlightened my view of being able to learn the value of linguistic and cultural diversity and the influential learning opportunities it gives today’s classrooms and schools. We as teacher educators were allowed to examine our attitudes, beliefs, and preferences regarding linguistically and culturally diverse students, families, and communities and learn methods for working together to confirm high levels of learning for all students. Also, strategies for guaranteeing†¦show more content†¦Also, act as guides, mediators, consultants, instructors, and advocates for my students, as well as helping them to effectively connect their culturally- and community-based knowledge to the classroom learning experiences. In what ways will the content of this course help you in your quest to make your school and classroom more meaningful and effective for all students? One way in which the content of this course that will help in my quest to make my school and classroom more meaningful and effective for all students are reshaping the curriculum. According to Nieto, Schools must take a serious look at their curriculum, pedagogy, retention and tracking policies, testing, hiring practices, and all the other policies and practices that create a school climate that is either empowering or disempowering for those who work and learn there(Nieto,1996). The curriculum should be integrated, interdisciplinary, meaningful, and student-centered. Also, it should include issues and topics related to the students background and culture. Moreover, it should challenge the students to develop higher-order knowledge and skills. In summary, this course has really educated my view of being a teacher as well as being able to interact with today’s diverse and fluctuating educational setting. Therefore, the discussions were very good ways in understanding howShow MoreRelatedDiversity And Cultural Issues Of Tesol Education1545 Words   |  7 PagesEDUC600 I001 Fall 15 Final Reflection Journal: Diversity and Cultural Issues in TESOL Education During the course entitled Diversity and Cultural Issues in TESOL Education, issues of diversity and culture, as well as methods, strategies, and approaches for engaging English language learners were examined. Students all over the world learn English for a variety of reasons. Some students must study English as a requirement. Other students may wish to travel, study abroad, or work in the global marketplaceRead MoreWhat I Learned At The Classroom Environment Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesMeeting the needs of diverse learners has not been a simple task. 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The Misfit, a Character beyond Redemption Free Essays

The Misfit, a Character beyond Redemption†() In Flannery O’ Connor’s short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† the Misfit is a character who is interpreted as the epitome of evil. He had just escaped the federal penitentiary, and, according to the Misfit, he was incarcerated for allegedly killing his own father. He encounters a family who has been involved in an accident. We will write a custom essay sample on The Misfit, a Character beyond Redemption or any similar topic only for you Order Now The play culminates with the Misfit shooting and brutally murdering the grandmother after she reaches out to him. Despite the conversation they both had about Christianity and the kindness and sympathy the grandmother showed the Misfit, he chooses to kill her; consequently, a character beyond redemption by choosing his will to do evil after all. Throughout the play, the Misfit portrays himself as a victim since he was sent to prison and punished for something he doesn’t comprehend. He explains that the doctor in prison told him what he had done was murdered his own father but he doesn’t believe it. By the way he speaks about his parents, calling them â€Å"finest people in the world,† and saying that God never made a finer woman than his mother and that his father had a heart pure of gold (O’Connor 399), it makes the reader doubtful to believe if he committed the crime or not, even though there is evidence of his actions; â€Å"However, some psychopaths would do anything to convince themselves that they did not commit a crime† (Aaron 1), but towards the end of the play one can find it harder to believe that the Misfit is actually innocent, regardless of whether he killed his own 2. ather. The most evident example for The Misfit’s guilt is how easily he ordered his accomplices to murder the family that it makes it look as if committing crimes is nothing unusual for him (Aaron 1). Furthermore, the Misfit is a character who symbolizes evil. During the play, one can deduce that he is a liberal character who is not conscious of his actions and doesnâ€⠄¢t see anything wrong in them. His way of not feeling any guilt of his actions, is to forget, this way any crime he commits won’t make him feel remorseful about it; for that same reason, when punished, he sees it unreasonable because he doesn’t believe that any crime deserves punishment, it is unjust and unfair and it just simply makes him feel miserable (Shmoop 1). The Misfit might know he did something wrong, but he doesn’t remember what it was, or better yet, he just doesn’t want to remember. This leads us to believe that he simply is a psychopath who enjoys killing because it is the only thing in his life that gives him any pleasure (Shmoop 1). He certainly doesn’t seem to accept what he was accused off and feel as if his actions didn’t deserved the punishment he received, â€Å"I never was a bad boy that I remember of, but somewhere along the line I done something wrong and got sent to the penitentiary. I was buried alive† (O’Connor 401). O’Connor uses the Misfit as a character beyond redemption. We all know he was not a good person; it is seen by how he rationalizes his actions, even the murder of innocent children. As human beings we are the only ones responsible for our choices and actions and have free will to do anything we desire. We are capable of doing good, but we are just as capable of doing evil. How to cite The Misfit, a Character beyond Redemption, Papers

Essay Corporate Law

Question: Write an essay on the corporate law. Answer: Introduction Corporate law is actually a company oriented law which mainly highlights different level of study for the companys shareholders, directors, creditors, stakeholders and even the customers. Various communities as well as environment are often in communication with each over different perspective. Corporate law could be stated as a vital part of company oriented law. Corporate governance mainly includes the different processes, and relations utilising which the companies do set their objectives and aims to achieve those in relation to the current business scenario (Bainbridge, 2015). The method of articulating corporate governance includes the process of monitoring the various actions taken by the company, their policies and company oriented practices which might throw impact over the stakeholders. An important theme of corporate governance is the nature and extent of corporate accountability. Different companies which are estimated to practice the corporate governance mainly looks forw ard to bring in economic efficiency by establishing strong prominence over the welfare of shareholders. Expectations of the corporate governance council The ASX corporate governance council was estimated to get formed in the year 2002 and in the month of 15th august. This council was noticed to bring together about 21 groups of company which already possessed a incongruent form of business background and aimed at carrying out different aims and priorities which are further being accompanies by the different forms of constituencies. Instead of functioning over different perspective the ASX corporate governance council was estimated to possess a lot of expectations. The council had an expectation to develop as well as deliver the huge industrialized form of supported framework to different other companies so that they could function efficiently in the business market (Dowling et al 2014). They had an expectation to provide certain level of practical guidance to different new companies which has just made their entrance in the business field. Other expectations of the council is also estimated as to provide more amount of flexibility to a variety of business structures and performance of all the working employees of the organisations and companies to which certain level of flexibility has been offered would be able to make certain level of optimization over individual performances who are working in the organisation. The corporate governance council expects to make certain promotions, adoption, as well as efficiently implement the varied guidelines so that business organisation would be able to carry out their business efficiently and business relationship could be enhanced by carrying out certain forms of fiduciary responsibilities in order to keep the long term investment interest order safe. Interest upon which the Board of directors act The board of directors are mainly estimated to act according the specified companies interest and suggest companies to take up steps for making changes over its existing systems and cultures so that the productivity of the organisation would be increased and the company would be able to meet their business objectives to achieve long term success in their business. When according the companies interest the boards of directors are suggested to follow the principles designed by the organisation so that they could perform legally in the business market (Feld, 2013). When the board of directors are estimated t act according the companies they should get familiar with the companies objectives and restructure the business in order to make the company or the business organisation attain competitive success. Various role of the board of directors The boards of directors are estimated to possess a variety of responsibilities like: The boards of directors have been held responsible in order to govern as well as administer the organisation perfectly so that the company might not experience any kinds of business risks while operating the market. In governing the organisation has to set up certain policies and objectives which would help in meeting the vital goals of the companies (Gorga et al 2014). The boards of directors are also highly responsible in selecting, appointing and supplying efficient support over the various functions that is being carried out by the chief executive of the organisation. The boards of directors are highly responsible to make sure about the efficient flow of perfect amount of financial resources so that organisations are able to carry out their responsibilities efficiently (Howson, 2013). The board of directors has been made totally responsible for making certain level of approvement over their annual budgets so that the organisation or the company would be able to understand the amount of cost per month in manufacturing products Also the boards of directors are responsible in carrying out perfect accounting procedure so that the performance level of the organisation could be enhanced. Last but not the least the boards of directors are totally held responsible in setting the salary structure and compensation level for the working employees so that the management of the organisation could run efficiently (Idowu 2013). An introduction to independent director with example An independent director of a company could also be stated s a outside director of the company who is mainly estimated to possess a pecuniary form of relationship with the other board of directors of the company and are responsible to carry out different activities within the business organisation. The independent directors are not found to create any kind of share over the companys financial structures (Johnson, 2013). For example a general electric corporation company is mainly found to provide certain level of definition over certain form of material relationship in which the transaction between the GE and the companies directors are estimated to be equal to 1 percent in comparison to the total revenue and the GE who is also the independent director of the company would be able to get himself linked with the charity making an annul receipt. Legal strategies are available under Australian law to manage the independence of a boards decision making Different legal strategies are noticed to be available under the Australian law basically for the purpose of managing the high level of independence based on the boards decision making. If the organisation is noticed to have been highly incorporated under the corporation act 2001the company is entitled to carry out certain vital responsibilities and duties by the companys board of directors. The companys internal management is extremely important to have been governed by the provisions of the corporate act 2001which insist the companies to replace their existing rules making use of the constitution rules or even by making perfect combination of both (Klausner 2013). Under this legislative strategy of the corporation act of 2001 certain level of care as well as diligence is being supplied to the managers and other officers of the company so that they could get a chance to exercise control over different other staffs of the company. Through the corporation act its is basically noticed that companies experience certain level of flexibility in the process of information gathering so that they could make use of such information while launching a new product or service for the companies customers. Highlighting the importance of board position for the independent directors . Board position is very much vital for the independent board of directors so that they could carry out different activities within the organisation and govern the activities of different other people within the organisation. If the independent boards of directors are supplied with a perfect form of board position like in the position of chairman the independent directors would be able to act o behalf of the different shareholders linked with the functioning of the organisation so that they could make use of different business affairs that would create development in business. In gaining a board position the independent directors would be able to organise a general meeting so that the company would make future plans that would be helpful in making the organisation successful in their business (Phillips, et al 2013). When the independent directors would be supplied with a perfect form of board position they would hold a power to guide as well as increase the current operation structur e of the organisation so that they could establish future development. When the independent directors would be supplied with the board position it becomes easier for them to make promotion of their company to become successful in the competitive business field. Also when the independent directors are entitled to the board position they become capable in monitoring the shareholders relationship by establishing effective relationship with the stakeholders, and at the same time the independent directors would also become liable gather as well as make assessment over the information. When the independent boards of directors are supplied with a position in the board at the post of chairman they become capable in promoting the goodwill as well as support the relationship of the organisation with the shareholders and stakeholders. Better corporate governance versus better corporate performance A corporate governance practice is much important than the corporate performance because through the corporate governance system the board of directors of the organisation are able to make changes within the whole structure of the organisation. Through the involvement of corporate governance system an organisation is able to review and make perfect level of evaluation on the future and present opportunities so that the organisation would become capable in handling different form of risky situation, on the other perspective the corporate performance is not that much vital for the organisation because it might shape the behavior of one or few individuals but this system would not be efficient for all people working in the organisation. At times through the process of corporate performance it is noticed that people working in the organisation experience certain level of barrier while communicating with one another (Quinn 2013). When practicing corporate governance the organisations are able to make recommendations over the different strategic options but while focusing on facts that might enhance corporate governance organisations does not experience heights of success in their business. Through practise of corporate governance the organisations are able to make certain level of determination over the business strategies and plans so that they could further make use of the corporate strategy. On the other hand by highlighting corporate performance it is noticed that changes in organisational structure could be implemented so easily and they have to make choice over different corporate strategies which might be a very difficult task. But one of the most vital importances of corporate performance is that through corporate governance the organisations gain the capability in overcoming risks and threatening situations. Making illustration over the disclosure requirement in ASX Listing Rule 4.10.3? Under this disclosure requirement it is extremely vital for the ASX to make reduction over the entity that has been recommended over the set and functioning principle of ASX as stated under the ASX corporate governance council. In case the entity has been identified to not follow certain recommendations it is very much vital for the industry to make a separate form of identity for the purpose of not following the recommendations and input alternate form of government practices (Strine 2014). Under the listing rule the corporate governance practise should include the different form of statements with a current date and also including an entity balance date or even would include a later data that would be highlighted by the entity. It should also include a date that would be entitled by the entity of trust. Relevance of the Principle 2 and recommendations of the ASXs Corporate Governance Councils As per the principle 2 of the ASX corporate governance council it is important to establish a high performing as well as proper form of governance entity. According to this principle it would be important to possess an appropriate number of the independence level for the board of directors. And also for the non executive directors who would be capable of accepting the challenge that would further be helpful in highlighting the organisations capability of carrying out different forms of activities. According the principle 2 it has been stated that perfect level of interest of the listed entity the security holders of the organisations are highly responsible. As per the existing relation between the principle 2 and the recommendations stated by the ASX corporate governance it is extremely vital for the listed entity to have a perfect level of nomination committee within which there has to be at least three members among which the majority members are estimated to be independent directo rs, should also possess a chairman and a charter of the committee also including different committee members (Strine, et al 2014). As per the existing relation between the principle and the recommendations it hs been estimated that a separate form of nomination committee is very much vital and efficient for effective mechanisms so that some amount of transparency would be brought up and the a certain form of independent judgment could be established over certain decisions regarding the efficient functioning of the board. Within this relationship it is noticed that recommendations over the flexibility of the various security holders should be considered. On perspective of the relevance of the principle 2 and the recommendations over the ASX corporate governance it is important provide certain level of importance on the materiality as well as interest position of the independent directors of a company. Conclusion The practices of corporate governance needs to be carefully handles and if it is not done the companies would experience high level of risks. The board of directors of the company might experience certain level of insulation in perspective of their shareholders who are related to the management of the organisation. This aspect of corporate governance is noticed to be present within the different types of public debates as well as developmental regulatory policies (Bainbridge, 2015). The activities of the board of directors are always examined through the power they have been provided with and is conferred with the outside authorities of the organisation. High level of contemporary interest over corporate governance is estimated to be linked with certain forms of mitigation in relation to the different types of conflicts that might take place within the internal environment of the organisation. In large business industries or corporations it is mainly noticed separation in ownership t ake place due to the corporate governance practices. References Atanassov, J. (2013). Do hostile takeovers stifle innovation? Evidence from antitakeover legislation and corporate patenting. The Journal of Finance, 68(3), 1097-1131. Bainbridge, S. (2015). Corporate Law. West Academic. Dowling, G. R. (2014). The curious case of corporate tax avoidance: Is it socially irresponsible?. Journal of Business Ethics, 124(1), 173-184. Esposito, R. T. (2012). Social Enterprise Revolution in Corporate law: A Primer on Emerging Corporate Entities in Europe and the United States and the Case for the Benefit Corporation, The. Wm. Mary Bus. L. Rev., 4, 639. Feld, K. (2013). Controlling the Prosecution of Bribery: Applying Corporate Law Principles to Define a Foreign Official in the foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Wash. L. Rev., 88, 245. Gevurtz, F. A. (2011). Using Comparative and Transitional Corporate Law to Teach Corporate Social Responsibility. Pac. McGeorge Global Bus. Dev. LJ, 24, 39. Gorga, ., Halberstam, M. (2014). Litigation Discovery and Corporate Governance: The Missing Story About the'Genius of American Corporate Law'. Yale Law Economics Research Paper, (501). Howson, N. C. (2013). 'Quack Corporate Governance'as Traditional Chinese MedicineThe Securities Regulation Cannibalization of China's Corporate Law and a State Regulator's Battle Against Party State Political Economic Power. Idowu, S. O. (2013). Encyclopedia of corporate social responsibility. Berlin: Springer. Jacobs, J. J. B. (2011). " Patient Capital": Can Delaware Corporate Law Help Revive It?. Wash Lee L. Rev., 68, 1645-1973. Johnson, L. (2012). Pluralism in Corporate Form: Corporate Law and Benefit Corps. Regent UL Rev., 25, 269. Johnson, L. (2013). Unsettledness Delaware Corporate Law: Business Judgment Rule, Corporate Purpose. Del. J. Corp. L., 38, 405. Klausner, M. (2013). Fact and fiction in corporate law and governance. MacMillan, C. (2012). Corporate law: Impact of regulatory reforms on executive remuneration in Australia-AGMs in 2011. Keeping good companies, 64(2), 100. Milhaupt, C. J. (Ed.). (2012). Global markets, domestic institutions: Corporate law and governance in a new era of cross-border deals. Columbia University Press. Muchlinski, P. (2012). Implementing the new UN corporate human rights framework: Implications for corporate law, governance, and regulation. Business Ethics Quarterly, 22(01), 145-177. Phillips, D. J., Turco, C. J., Zuckerman, E. W. (2013). Betrayal as Market Barrier: Identity-Based Limits to Diversification among High-Status Corporate Law Firms1. American Journal of Sociology, 118(4), 1023-1054. Quinn, B. J. (2013). Arbitration and the Future of Delaware's Corporate Law Franchise. Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution, 14, 829. Strine Jr, L. E. (2014). Can we do better by ordinary investors? A pragmatic reaction to the dueling ideological mythologists of corporate law. Columbia Law Review, 449-502. Strine, L. E., Walter, N. (2014). Conservative Collision Course?: The Tension Between Conservative Corporate Law Theory and Citizens United. Harvard Law School John M. Olin Center Discussion Paper, (788). Yosifon, D. G. (2011). The public choice problem in corporate law: Corporate social responsibility after Citizens United. North Carolina Law Review, 89, 1197.

Scarlet Letter Ambiguity Essays - English-language Films

Scarlet Letter Ambiguity Ambiguity and The Scarlet Letter go better together than two people that have been happily married for 75 years. There is no exemption in Hawthorne's exquisite symbolism of one of his main characters, Pearl. The Scarlet Letter A, worn by Hester Prynne, was a punishment for the immoral sin of adultery she had committed. Following Hester's act of adultery, she became pregnant with a baby girl whom she named Pearl. From the first moment that we are introduced to Pearl in Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel, The Scarlet Letter, we get the sense that there is something strange and unnatural about her. Pearl acts very differently than the other people in Boston in that she seems to be much more vibrant than the others. We see this displayed in various different forms like her dress, her mood swings, her sometimes mischievous behavior, and her constant liveliness. Throughout the novel, Pearl is used by Hawthorne to symbolize many different elements, and the ambiguity come together for one significant meaning. A critic of Hawthorne states, ?when depth and ambiguity are much admired in writing, Hawthorne has continued to offer enough complexity and mystery to hold a wide variety of readers.?(Davidson, 361) Pearl was not accepted by virtually anyone; her unavoidable seclusion was due to the sin of her mother. Pearl was always different somehow. Throughout all of this, Pearl is labeled with many symbols that are meaningful in understanding Hawthorne's novel, and they will be explained in the preceding paragraphs. For one, Pearl is the living embodiment of the scarlet letter. She is the result from Hester's and Dimmesdale's sins. Pearl plays one of the most crucial roles in The Scarlet Letter. Hawthorne uses Pearl as a dynamic character; she is a constant reminder to Hester of her sin. When we were first introduced to Pearl, she was immediately drawn to the Scarlet A on Hester's bosom. ?But the first object of which Pearl seemed to become aware was the scarlet letter on Hester's bosom! One day, as her mother stooped over the cradle, the infant's eyes had been caught by the glimmering of the gold embroidery about the letter' and, putting up her little hand, she grasped at it, smiling not doubtfully, but with a decided gleam.? (Hawthorne, 88). Beginning when she was conceived, Pearl served as a reminder of the Scarlet A on her bosom. Hawthorne shows this symbolism various times. In Chapter 7, Pearl and Hester go to the Governor's house and Pearl's attire ?inevitably reminded the beholder of the token which Hester Prynne was doomed to wear upon her bosom. It was the scarlet letter in another form; the scarlet letter endowed with life!? (Hawthorne, 93). Pearl is dressed in a scarlet dress with gold fringe exactly resembling the Scarlet A on Hester's bosom. Pearl had a natural preference to focus on the Scarlet Letter, which is show in Chapter 15. Pearl took some eel-grass, and imitated, as best as she could, on her own bosom, the decoration with which she was so familiar on her mother's. A letter, the letter A, but freshly green, instead of scarlet!? (Hawthorne, 163). In this scene, Hester eventually has to deny its significance to Pearl after she constantly confronts her mother of its significance. One of the most symbolic scenes in the novel occurs in the forest as Pearl and Hester are traveling to meet Dimmesdale. Pearl remarks to Hester that ?the sunshine does not love you. It runs away and hides itself, because it is afraid of something on your bosom.? (Hawthorne, 168). Sunshine, which can symbolize composed happiness or the approval of God and nature, rejects Hester because of her sin and the ?thing on her bosom?. Therefore, this confirms that Pearl constantly reminds her of her sin and her punishment. In one of the most dramatic scenes in the novel, Pearl prevents Hester from escaping her sin and shame. Pearl ?bursts into a fit of passion? and will not go to her mother until she puts the Scarlet A back on her bosom and places her hair back underneath her cap. In the one moment that Hester attempts to escape her sin, Pearl refuses to acknowledge her until she returns to the shameful mother that she has always known. Pearl is a child without guilt, with all a child's freshness and spontaneity, however to Hester is a persistent remembrance to the Scarlet A, which she must bare on her bosom. Pearl really was the Scarlet Letter, because if

Case Brief

Case Brief Brendan FulcherCase Brief 2Tor Wynn8 May 2013Case Brief 2This crime occurred on October 5, 1983. A man and his significant other (who occupy the same house) ate dinner together, and then met at a pool hall at separate times. The woman arrived first, when the man (also the defendant) arrived he saw his significant other talking to another man, he was angry because he thought that she was cheating on him. He states that the anger quickly subsided. He left the bar alone and walked home, 10 minutes later she arrived at their shared residence and told him that he had one week to find another place to live. He consented and went upstairs to change. She followed him and proceeded to attempt to choke him. He punched her in the face in order to force her to release him. She then told him that he needed to leave that night.Deutsch: Messerbnkechen (versilbert) mit Messer ...He said he was tired of her antics, but proceeded to get re dressed and follow her out of the room and in to the kitchen. When he entered the kitchen she swung a 9in long knife at him. He wrestled the knife out of her hands, he has stated that he could have left then, but she grabbed for the knife again, in the struggle the man states that she pulled the knife towards herself, when he pulled the knife away there was blood on the blade. She had stabbed herself in the struggle for the knife.The man was convicted of manslaughter; he argues that it was self-defense and that the jury was not properly instructed on the stand your ground ruling in self-defense. The jury says that since he had an opportunity to get away, that deadly force was not needed,

Advantages of Nuclear Power and Comparison with the Fossil Fuels Assignment

Advantages of Nuclear Power and Comparison with the Fossil Fuels - Assignment Example Fossils are the remains of the dead organisms buried in earth’s crust. When such bodies undergo changes like anaerobic decomposition through millions of years, the products formed are hydrocarbon compounds like coal, petroleum, natural gas. Such products are storehouses of chemical energy, which is released when they undergo combustion reactions. As such they are called as fossil fuels (Josepha Sherman, 2004). 3. Nature has borne the cost of production of fossil fuels and humans have to bear only the cost of extraction and processing it. As such fossil fuels are cheaper than the non-conventional forms of fuels like nuclear fuel. 4. The fossil fuel in solid form, coal, is the most widely used fuel in power generation as it is found abundantly in nature. Similarly the liquid and gas forms like petrol, natural gas are easily transportable through pipelines. The depleting reserves of fossil fuels and the monopoly of certain oil-producing countries in controlling its prices have compelled mankind to look for alternative sources of energy. A few of them are hydroelectric power, nuclear power, wind energy, solar energy, and geothermal power. Hereunder we will discuss two of them viz. hydroelectric power and nuclear power. It is the electricity obtained by water falling under gravity from higher to lower level. Huge generators  convert the potential energy of water stored in dams while falling down. The potential energy of the water stored in dams is converted into electrical energy. The water rotates the turbines placed in between. The rotating turbines, in turn, rotate the generators connected to it, producing electricity. Nuclear power is created by causing fission of unstable nuclei 235U. Such nuclei are bombarded by neutrons which cause the fission of such nuclei along with the release of a tremendous amount of heat energy and also neutrons. These liberated neutrons in turn cause fission of more nuclei and a chain reaction are set into motion producing more heat  energy.  

The United States Invasion of Iraq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The United States Invasion of Iraq - Essay Example By mid-April, 2003, Hussein's army and the government had collapsed, and the allies were largely in control of the major Iraqi cities. The allies gradually turned their attention to the rebuilding of Iraq and the establishment of a new Iraqi government, but progress toward that end was hampered by lawlessness, especially in Baghdad, where U.S. forces had tolerated widespread looting initially. On May 1, President Bush declared victory in the war against Iraq. No weapons of mass destruction, however, were found, leading to charges that U.S. and British leaders had exaggerated the Iraqi biological and chemical threat in order to justify the war. From this fact it's possible to make a conclusion that weapons of mass destruction weren't the main reason for the war, but only a cause, "casus belli". I think that the root of the US invasion of Iraq in March 2003 is control over oil fields. The background of 2nd Gulf War (2003) comes from an armed conflict between Iraq and a coalition of 32 nations including the United States, Britain, Egypt, France, and Saudi Arabia called the 1st Persian Gulf War in 1991. It was a result of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990; Iraq then annexed Kuwait, which it had long claimed. Iraqi president Saddam Hussein declared that the invasion was a response to overproduction of oil in Kuwait, which had cost Iraq an estimated $14 billion a year when oil prices fell. Hussein also accused Kuwait of illegally pumping oil from Iraq's Rumaila oil field. During August 1990 Iraq was sending more and more troops streaming into Kuwait, by August 6 there were nearly eleven combat divisions. Intelligence analysts at the time understood that Iraq had enough troops in the area to roll over Saudi Arabia nearly as easily as they had done to Kuwait. King Fahd of Saudi Arabia recognized his situation as dire and immediately requested aid from his most powerful friend and ally, the United States. President Bush promptly ordered the deployment of U.S. ground and air forces to Saudi territory. U.S. Navy ships were also deployed to the region. So began the operation to defend Saudi Arabia that would be called "Desert Storm".   The UN Security Council called for Iraq to withdraw and subsequently embargoed most trade with Iraq. On August 7, U.S. troops moved into Saudi Arabia to protect Saudi oil fields. On November 29, the United Nations set January 15, 1991, as the deadline for a peaceful withdrawal of Iraqi troops from Kuwait. When Saddam Hussein refused to comply, Operation "Desert Storm" was launched on January 18, 1991, under the leadership of U.S. Gen. Norman Schwarzkopf. The U.S.-led coalition began a massive air war to destroy Iraq's forces and military and civil infrastructure. Iraq called for terrorist attacks against the coalition and launched Scud missiles at Israel (in an unsuccessful attempt to widen the war and break up the coalition) and at Saudi Arabia. The main coalition forces invaded Kuwait and S Iraq on February 24 and, over the next four days, encircled and defeated the Iraqis and liberated Kuwait. When U.S. President George H. W. Bush declared a cease-fire on February 28, most of the Iraqi forces in Kuwait had either surrendered or fled.